Pfizer s Drug Testing Strategy - 1275 Words

According to the reading Pfizer’s Drug-Testing Strategy in Nigeria in Chapter 4 of International Business (Hill, 2011), in 2006 it was determined that the world’s largest pharmaceutical company, Pfizer Inc, violated an international law by Nigerian officials. This is law made it illegal for unapproved drugs to be tested on human beings. The crime took place in 1996 when a test drug, Trovan, was given to nearly 100 children suffering from a deadly strain of meningitis. Five of the children given the drug died while 6 others died after receiving a comparison of the antibiotic. This case questions the ethics of decision making on Pfizer’s behalf. Though Pfizer obtained verbal consent from parents to administer Trovan to their children, all ground was not covered. There is an issue of falsified documentation, the omission of information (mainly that Trovan was experimental), and the disregard for the well-being of the children by not taking them off of the drug. Base d on information presented in this case it is believed that Pfizer did not act ethically because the sick children’s best interest was not taken to heart. It generally 12 years for a potential new drug to go from the lab to garnering approval for use. The clinical development of a drug can be time consuming and expensive which accounts approximately 45 to 75 percent of the $1.2 billion average cost of bringing a new therapy to market. There are 4 phases of clinical development that is done are pre-clinical trials.Show MoreRelatedLipitor Marketing Case Study Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket share leader. Warner-Lambert developed the drug initially but needed to catch up in the market so they teamed up with Pfizer, known for their marketing and sales competency. This partnership was just what the doctor ordered for the initial introduction of Lipitor to the market. In 2001, Pfizer took full control of Lipitor and changed the marketing game once again. The strategic marketing efforts created competitive advantage for the drug by â€Å"delivering a product in the most profitable wayRead MorePfizer : The World s Largest Research Based Pharmaceutical1313 Words   |  6 PagesPfizer Inc. Pfizer is one of the world’s largest research-based pharmaceutical and biomedical companies that is dedicated to discovering, developing, manufacturing, and marketing prescription medications for both humans and animals. Pfizer was founded by cousins Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart in 1849. Its top prescription products include Lipitor, Celebrex, and Lyrica, Prevnar, Viagra, Enbrel, Zyvox, and Norvasc. In 2014 Pfizer realized the need for change and decided to reorganize its businessRead Moretable of proposal target and time scale10137 Words   |  41 Pagesassignment. Secondly, I would like to thank my family and friends for supporting and helping me accomplishing my task. Without their support and trust, I could have never been able to accomplish this task brilliantly. Not forgetting my Business Strategy lecturer, Madam Marini Mohamed Azhari for all the help and guidance she had made. If it’s not for my lecturer, I would have never know how to do this task as good as I think I’ve been. For all the knowledge she had taught and shared, I would likeRead MorePfizer company Essay3329 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿ Company Overview: Pfizer is an international pharmaceutical company and is considered one of the leading companies in this industry with Lipitor and Viagra as its most known manufactured drugs. The company grew from a one building medicine manufacturer to a multinational company running its operations all over the world. In addition, the mergers and acquisitions that the business went through ensured that Pfizer name is associated with any global resource specialized in health and well-beingRead MorePricing Issues Of The Pharmaceutical Industry1319 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem in the world today. There are four main issues that cause the prices to be higher than they need to be. These issues are Cost, Value, Power, and Insurance. Lots of pharmaceutical companies will argue that their RD costs of manufacturing drugs is what makes them price the pharmaceuticals the way they do. How true is this? We all know that research and technology is expensive, but is that what they are spending the most money on? The answer is no. 9 out of 10 pharmaceutical companies areRead MorePfizer Industry Review4318 Words   |  18 PagesPfizer Corporation: The pharmaceutical industry began in the early 1800’s when several chemical companies were founded in Philadelphia, marking the beginning of our current pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (Pfizer, 2008a). Founded in 1849, Pfizer has grown into a multibillion-dollar corporation by providing many of the highest quality drugs available today (Pfizer, 2007). However, many factors impact the continued success of Pfizer and the pharmaceutical industry in general. After reviewingRead MoreThe Glbal Phamaceutical Industry1609 Words   |  7 Pagescare expenditure. * Inter-country pricing disparities. Economic * European free trade agreements. * Deregulation of market to allow foreign drugs to compete. Social * Ageing population puts pressure on healthcare systems. * Epidemic of chronic diseases. * Rising consumer expectations. * Payers choosing generic drugs for first-line treatment of common ailments. Technological * Increase productivity, decrease costs and develop new treatment modalities to enhanceRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Merck and Pfizer3681 Words   |  15 Pagesgeneric and branded drugs. The industry expanded during the 1980’s and drugs to treat heart disease and AIDS were prominent. Consumer demand for nutritional supplements and alternative medicine increased during the 1990’s with the Internet facilitating direct purchases of drugs. Advertising for direct consumption of pharmaceutical drugs became more prominent; pharmaceutical companies were criticized for over medicating personality or social problems. Society expects drug companies to improveRead MoreThe Pharmaceutical Industry1967 Words   |  8 Pageson prescription drugs in the United States. This growth was driven by favorable demographics. As people grow older, they tend to need and consume more prescription medicines, and the population in most advanced nations has been growing older as the post-World War II baby boom generation ages. Looking forward, projections suggest that spending on prescription drugs will increase between l0 and ll% annually through 2013. Second, successful new prescription drugs can be extraordinarilyRead MorePfizer Competitor Analysis3807 Words   |  16 PagesRiDUCES and Competitor Analysis Pfizer, Inc: Branded Pharmaceutical Industry-Oncology Pharmaceuticals Executive Summary The value that the branded pharmaceutical industry adds to the US economy is growing slower than US GDP (Snyder, 2012). Rivalry has intensified while the rate of blockbuster drug development has slowed due to an increase in regulation from the government and the industry trade association, PhRMA. 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Coli Of The Beef Business - 1576 Words

E. coli’s Presence in the Beef Business; what has got to Change? America is hungry, and someone has got to keep us fed. We live in a country with the luxury of convenience, so naturally hamburgers are as â€Å"American as apple pie†. With the ease of picking them up at a drive-thru window, the ability to munch them one-handed, and the extreme affordability are all factors that put them on most people’s favorite food list. Unfortunately for the burger lovers out there, these lunchtime staples could also harboring a hidden danger; a potentially deadly food borne pathogen named Escherichia coli that’s been making headlines more frequently as of late. Escherichia coli, or E. coli for short, are most commonly found in ground beef. It is naturally†¦show more content†¦coli in every single step of the beef production business is why we need to take this problem very seriously. There are too many areas in which things can go wrong in the process of raisin g, slaughtering, and packaging beef for human consumption. Especially highest is the danger in slaughterhouses and processing plants, as there are many potential contamination hazards, and most depend on human attention to catch, correct, and prevent. The cattle may arrive at the slaughterhouse with feces on their hides, which present the first risk of contamination as it can be very difficult to remove the hides from the animal without transferring any of the pathogen bearing feces to the carcass.(CITE) The second high-risk area in the slaughterhouse is the gutting station, where at some locations, workers are expected to keep up an extremely fast pace, as many as sixty cattle per hour, which does not provide adequate time to prevent accidents. (CITE) A ruptured gut sac can leave a carcass intended for human consumption covered in fecal matter or stomach acids all potentially containing the potentially deadly foodborne bacteria. While there are steps taken to clean and disinfect t he carcasses after these processes are carried out, E. coli is hard to kill. It has shown resistance to heat, cold, acids and XXXX (Cite). A simple adjustment, like reducing the number of carcasses a worker is responsible for eviscerating in an hour, is an example of a small, easy way to bring down the

Factors Affecting Career Choice free essay sample

Research Paper 2014 – Factors Affecting Career Choice: Why SABM-Marketing Students Chose Marketing as a Course Camille Patrix D. Alimorong, Joy Lorraine M. Lagasca, Yoo yee N. Tansiking, Chester Paul G. Lazo, Mark Dennis E. Manansala and Mrs. Maria Sheila Madayag – Quirimit, MBA MARKETING RESEARCH We envision Saint Louis University as an excellent missionary, and transformative educational institution zealous in the formation of human resources who are imbued with the Christian spirit and who are competent, creative and socially involved. School of Accountancy and Business Management Saint Louis University Baguio City, Philippines Second Semester S. Y 2014 April 2014 Factors Affecting Career Choice: Why SABM-Marketing Students Why They Chose Marketing as a Course Camille Patrix D. Alimorong1, Joy Lorraine M. Lagasca2, Yoo yee N. Tansiking3, Chester Paul G. Lazo4, Mark Dennis E. Manansala5 Abstract Marketing is a fast growing course under the School of Accountancy and Business Management in Saint Louis University. The researchers observed that as time goes by, its population increases. Thus, occur with this study entitled â€Å"Factors Affecting Career Choice: Why SABM-Marketing Students Why They Chose Marketing as a Course. † This study questioned Marketing students their reasons as to why they chose marketing as a course. Perfectly knowing that Marketing is one of those industries that pay great salaries and revenue for its products and services, the results showed that most students thought that high employability or job opportunities is a great contributory factor why they chose such field. The conclusion is that when students make decisions for their career, job opportunities or high employability is important because it impacts the level of students’ personal satisfaction and personal growth or development opportunities. Introduction Marketing careers are diverse – there is something for just about everyone – working with numbers, designing graphics, planning strategy, managing projects, or crafting communications. Apart from giving you the ability to earn a good salary, there’s one obvious appeal of Marketing: it’s all about people – and what could be more interesting than that? Understanding people and what drives them to behave in the way they do, is the essence of all Marketing. Corporate consulting firm Challenger, Gray Christmas polled 100 human resource professionals in 2010 to find out which degrees have the best odds of helping students find employment. As a result, demand remains strong for marketing graduates in the business world. As students, our needs and desires (and the many factors that influence them) are constantly changing. Identifying factors which influence career choice, and the differences in the factors influencing different groups of students, will assist us in identifying underlying causes for high or low student enrollment. Saint Louis University started offering Business Education since 1952 under the School of Accountancy and Business Management, formerly known as the College of Accountancy and Commerce (CAC). Every year, the number of enrollees in the marketing course increases. The change in population is very visible having Marketing as a fast growing industry that almost every people would want to be in. Purpose of the Study Identifying factors which influence career choice, and the differences in the factors influencing different groups of marketing students, will assist us in identifying underlying causes for high or low student enrollment. This will also allow us to make recommendations regarding how recruitment and advisory resources can be used more effectively and how campaigns can be focused appropriately in order to attract students. Conceptual Framework Saint Louis University opened Marketing under the umbrella of the School of Accountancy and Business Management, as a result of which is the increasing number of enrollees every year. The factors that we considered in choosing Marketing as a course are the following: Personal Interest, Student’s Perception about the Course, Parents’ Decision, High Income Generation, Peer Influence, Acceptance or Popularity in Society, Degree to be attained, or if because it does not require students to take Board Examinations, High Employability or endless Job Opportunities, School Location and the Failure to pass the initial or previous course they took. For these factors and reasons, students are motivated to choose Marketing as their major field. Hence, the population of Saint Louis University under the School of Accountancy and Business Management Department increase if not every semester, at least every year. Methodology This research was conducted in order to determine factors affecting SLU-Marketing Students in choosing Marketing as a course. The reasons why are the main objective goals of this study. In order to answer these research goals, the researchers opted to obtain the view of the students taking Marketing in Saint Louis University under the School of Accountancy and Business Management. Questionnaire as an Instrument The survey questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument for this study. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: Profiling the Students, and the two sections for the survey proper. The profile contains socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents such as their name, course and year, age, and their gender. The questionnaire survey proper section aims to identify the reasons why they chose the course. The choices represent the degree of agreement each respondent has on the given question. The scale below was used to interpret the total responses of all respondents for every survey question: Range Interpretation. Disagree The respondents were also advised that they could withdraw from the study even during the process. With this, the participants were not forced to participate in the research. The confidentiality of the participants was also ensured by not disclosing their names or personal information in the research. Only relevant details that helped in answering questions were included. Results and Findings A. Socio-Demographics Table In the contrary, the Failure from Preceding Course/s with a value of 1. 82 did not create great impact on the decision making of students that made it the least contributory factor why they chose the field. Some students who failed their preceding course/s perceive that taking marketing is indeed a great option for them because marketing is much better course compared to their previous course and it entails lots of responsibility that requires skills and talents to be contributed to customers. These students who failed their previous course/s chose marketing because they want to create significant learning experiences as the previous course/s they took did not work for them. Recommendation After a thorough analysis of the data, the following recommendation is hereby made: This research study suggests that though students centered their decision making in job opportunities or high employability in choosing the right path for them after they graduate, they must not dominate their minds on such reason. There are a lot of factors that could contribute to deciding courses. Marketing is indeed a field that provides a massive number of job opportunities and is in fact one of the fastest growing industry in the world, incoming college students must then put into considerations that such industry requires enough experience, great skills, right knowledge and well-trained individuals for it offers services that would then create quality products and services to customers and guarantee the satisfaction they need and want. Students must not just consider Job Opportunities or High Employability as the main factor in choosing a career; they must also consider their personal thought of the field. They must consider the work environment and if their skills really match the job. If they consider other factors for their own personal development, then the more likely will they be successful and happy with their job.

Simpson S Criminal Case

Table of Contents Evidence Public Exposure The trial The verdict References A retired American football player, football broadcaster, spokesman, and actor, O. J. Simpson was born on the 9th of July 1947. Simpson was held and criminally charged for the murders of Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman. It was a lengthy legal tussle that was held in the Californian superior court.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Simpson ‘S Criminal Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Felman (2002) says that the Los Angeles case had such publicity to earn the description as the case of Simpson against the people. The lengthy trial however saw Simpson acquitted. It lasted for a whole nine months and was deemed the longest trial ever witnessed in the history books of California’s courts. In his defense, O. J. Simpson had hired such a team experienced in court cases with such esteemed profile. This esteemed high profile tea m was led by Robert Shapiro, a capable and learned person in matters of the law. Robert Shapiro had participated in diverse cases to earn him the distinction of a high profile figure. Later on, the high profile team was led by F. Lee Bailey and Jonnie Cochran. A display of wit and excellent mental ability characterized F. Jonnie Cochran when he exercised his ability to convince jurors that the DNA evidence adduced in court was as a matter of fact not solid evidence against Simpson. Aeseng (196) notes that Cochran convinced the jury that the evidence was diversely defective. This was coupled with the newness of this kind of scientific innovation and discovery in the law courts as a reliable tool to adduce evidence. In addition F. Jonnie Cochran’s arguments weighted to his advantage the blood evidence that it had been contaminated and had no reason to be sustained as solid evidence against Simpson in the murder trial. This and other evidence adduced in court were overwhelmingly refuted under the able leadership of Cochran to the defense of Simpson. The defense team argued that the Los Angeles Police Department at diverse times and in diverse circumstances associated with the investigations and handling of evidence clearly involved in such misconduct as to warrant their evidence invalid according to (Felman, 2002). Ito (1995) chronologically documents that Simpson married Nicole Brown on February 2, 1985 with whom they had two children, but later divorced in 1992. It was not until 2nd June 1994 that Simpson’s former wife, Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman were found dead and Simpson acquitted of any criminal charges in a controversial court case thereafter. However, Jury findings pointed to Simpson as liable for the death of Ronald Goldman. Jury verdicts from previous trials like the one that culminated on 3rd June 1995 known as â€Å"the trial of the century† and subsequent ones acquitted OJ Simpson of both murders. Shosana (2002) p oints out that these verdicts drew conflicts and confrontations coupled with divergent feelings along racial lines.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was not until 1995 that OJ Simpson was pronounced not guilty of the deaths of Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman after a series of cases such as the civil trial for wrongful death on February 5th 1995, with related litigation on September 5th 2006, and his alleged confessions in his book â€Å"If I Did It† 2007. According to Ito (1995), a series of events led to the arrest of O. J. Simpson. This was when the Los Angeles Police Department had been convinced that Simpson could turn himself up to the police. Interestingly, these charges had no bail. In addition to the charges could placing Simpson in the possible risk of murder, Simpson’s arrest was marked with media coverage that suggested suicide. The police were in a d ilemma. They had to get him by all means. His freedom was a case where lawyers had convinced them to wait for him. It was a scenario involving the media, the police, and spectators in their hundreds if not thousands. A chase for O. J. Simpson ensued involving an estimated twenty helicopters and other vehicles. The chase was never characterized by any incident of exchanges of gun fire, though the weapons were held by either party. It came to an end at around eight P.M when a few minutes later Simpson surrendered to the police. Evidence According to Linder (2010), incriminating evidence on the involvement of OJ Simpson on the murders testify to the act. A witness had seen him walk with his dog and incriminating evidence of gloves found at the scene and outside his home was evidence of his involvement. A series of events testified and provided evidence incriminating OJ Simpson of the murders. On the said date, Simpson’s attempt to call Paula from his cell phone as Charles did, d id not see OJ Simpson on the fateful were not successful. According to Linder (2010), OJ Simpson combined home violence with overwhelming brutality against Nicole Brown, evidence of his brutality towards her. In addition to witness accounts of people seeing a man of the description of OJ Simpson in the scene of murder on the fateful day, his personal effects such as his white cap, his call history testified against him. In addition, Simpson lied to Paula on his attempt to call her from his Bronco, and Allan Park’s schedule to take Simpson to the airport on the fateful day failed (Linder 2010). Linder continues to document the facts that Allan’s endeavor to buzz Simpson’s intercom received no response. On further investigations, Linder (2010) argues that hair was found consistent with Simpson’s hair at the murder scene and on Ron Goldman’s shirt. Other evidence that point to him as the culprit included fiber consistent with that of the carpet in the Bronco were found on cap at Bundy’s residence, blood evidence dropped near shoe prints at Bundy’s when statistically analyzed showed that about 0.5% of the population could match that of OJ Simpson’s.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Simpson ‘S Criminal Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was determine later that Simpson had fresh wound cuts the day after the murders were committed a clear pointer to an involvement in an act of injury, therefore pointing to the murder. Linder (2010) provides a detailed account of gloves that were found at the scene of murder matching his, and the damning evidence of shoes and strange phone calls form Simpson to Paula and Nicole, with notable nervousness of OJ Simpson when confronted with questions about the death victims. Linder (2010) indicates that Glove evidence: Left glove found at Bundy and right glove found Simpson residence are Aris Light gloves, size XL, Nicole Brown bought pair of Aris Light XL gloves in 1990 at Bloomingdale’s, Simpson wore Aris Light gloves from 1990 to June, 1994. Shoe evidence: Shoe prints found at Bundy were from a size 12 Bruno Magli shoe, Bloody shoe impression on Bronco carpet is consistent with a Magli shoe, Simpson wore a size 12 shoe. Further evidence alluding to OJ Simpson as the perpetrator of the crime was when he refused to testify in his court case. Linder (2010) says that â€Å"Simpson did not testify at his criminal trial. Defense attorneys will almost always call as a witness an articulate client that they believe to be innocent†. Other trials indicated that Simpson had no significant effort in tracking down the killers as Shosana (2002) illustrates. In addition, â€Å"Subsequent to the criminal trial other evidence of Simpson’s guilt surfaced.   The most significant of the new evidence may have been photographs of Simpson wearing Bruno Magli shoes.   The new evidence, together with much of the evidence considered in the criminal trial, convinced a civil jury that Simpson murdered Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman† Linder (2010). In addition, Simpson confessed in his book â€Å"If I Did It† written in 2007. Adduced DNA evidence seemed to solidly testify against Simpson. Relatively new in determining who and what in tests, blood found at the scene had DNA that doubtlessly pointed to Simpson as the prime suspect. Aeseng (1996) describes the blood samples as confirmed to be his after DNA tests were conducted to identify whose sample the blood could be. Samples are tested and a march conducted to determine the degree of reliability on the tests. They marched well and left little doubt as to whom the blood found at the murder scene belonged. Ito (1995) sees the blood samples found at different points evidently similar that of Simpson. These blood samples were found in near Simpson’s Bronco, on a pair of sock belongin g to Simpson that found on Goldman’s shirt also strongly pointed to Simpson as the culprit, blood collected by LAPD criminologist after several weeks pointed to him, and fingerprints that were blood stained also indicated that Simpson was involved. However the blood evidence was not without pitfalls. Aeseng (1996) comments that, among the shortcomings included unexplained circumstances in which a blood sample had gone missing from LA County District Attorney’s office. The collection procedures for some blood samples from the scene of the crime seemed flawed and strongly suggested contamination. Other evidence presented in court was refuted as not reliable. The arguments were that certain shoes presented did not match Simpson’s and that he had never won such shoes. They were not his.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Public Exposure Though the case attracted widespread media and public attention, controversy raged on as to whether to afford the case over he use of media cameras a conflict that attracted legal tussles on the professionalism of such a ruing by Judge Ito. Ito (1995) sees this as an issue that could influence the conduct and verdict of the case. Scandals also rocked the media particularly that of the Times. Felmam (2002) describes it as being labeled an American tragedy; such stories indicated sinister feelings and motives among the authors and publisher of the Simpson story and trial in the media. However manipulations of Simpson’s picture in the TIME magazine, on of the publishers of the Simpson trials that had a racial element in it received public criticism though apologies were also publicly sought for. The trial During the trial O. J. Simpson pleaded not guilty of the murders of Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman on the fateful day. However, other factors apart from the ad duced evidences served to influence the verdict of the case. These included wide media coverage and public interest. These culminated in the dismissal of the grand jury on the 23rd of June. Inclusive in those who testified against Simpson were Jill Shively and Jose Camacho whose occupation was selling shoes. According to Felman (2002), others in the case were the Californian’s Superior Court Judge who Kathleen Kennedy Powell who certified that Simpson’s incriminating evidence was sufficient for his trial, LAPD detective Tom Lange. Marcia Clark Deputy District Attorney served in the capacity of the court prosecutor. Several witnesses were interviewed as Simpson had requested for a speedy trial. This was evident in the way the jury handled and interviewed witnesses in the case. Those viewing the trial witnessed scenes of protest, with various interruptions evident in the proceedings until the verdict was entered upon. The verdict On October 13, 1995, Simpson was declared not guilty by the jury. This was a deliberation that lasted for only four hours. Though the verdict attracted mixed feelings form diverse quarters, the case had attracted huge media and public attention and had caused such feelings to be rooted in both racial divides. It was a dramatic case (Felman, 2002). References Aeseng, N. (1996). The O. J. Simpson Trial: What It Shows Us about Our Legal System; Walker Publishing Company, Incorporated References. Felman, S. (2002). The Juridical Unconscious: Trials and Traumas in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00931-2 Ito, J. L. (1995). Chronology of the O. J. Simpson Trials. Web. Linder, D. O. (2010). The Trial of O. J. Simpson: The Incriminating Evidence. Web. Shosana, F. (2002). The Juridical Unconscious: Trials and Traumas in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00931-2 This essay on Simpson ‘S Criminal Case was written and submitted by user Elaine Koch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.